return {
	'neovim/nvim-lspconfig',
	event = { 'BufReadPre', 'BufNewFile' },
	dependencies = {
		'mason-org/mason.nvim',
		'mason-org/mason-lspconfig.nvim',
		'hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp',
		{ 'antosha417/nvim-lsp-file-operations', config = true },
		{
			'folke/lazydev.nvim',
			ft = 'lua',
			opts = {
				library = {
					{ path = '${3rd}/luv/library', words = { 'vim%.uv' } },
				},
			},
		},
	},
	config = function()
		local cmp_nvim_lsp = require('cmp_nvim_lsp')
		local keymap = vim.keymap
		local wk = require('which-key')

		vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('LspAttach', {
			group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup('UserLspConfig', {}),
			callback = function(ev)
				local function opts(desc)
					return { desc = desc, buffer = ev.buf, silent = true }
				end

				keymap.set('n', 'gd', '<cmd>Telescope lsp_definitions<cr>', opts('Go to definition'))
				keymap.set('n', 'gr', '<cmd>Telescope lsp_references<cr>', opts('Show LSP references'))
				keymap.set('n', 'gD', vim.lsp.buf.declaration, opts('Go to declaration'))
				keymap.set('n', 'gi', '<cmd>Telescope lsp_implementations<cr>', opts('Show LSP implementations'))
				keymap.set('n', 'gt', '<cmd>Telescope lsp_type_definitions<cr>', opts('Show LSP type definitions'))
				keymap.set('n', 'K', vim.lsp.buf.hover, opts('Show documentation'))
				keymap.set('n', 'gE', vim.diagnostic.open_float, opts('Show diagnostics'))
				keymap.set({ 'n', 'v' }, 'ga', vim.lsp.buf.code_action, opts('Show available code actions'))
				wk.add({
					{ '<leader>r',  group = 'Rename' },
					{ '<leader>rn', vim.lsp.buf.rename, desc = 'Smart Rename' },
				})
			end,
		})

		-- Apply default capabilities to all servers
		local capabilities = cmp_nvim_lsp.default_capabilities()
		vim.lsp.config('*', { capabilities = capabilities })

		-- lua_ls: suppress vim global warnings, improve completion
		vim.lsp.config('lua_ls', {
			settings = {
				Lua = {
					diagnostics = {
						globals = { 'vim' },
					},
					completion = {
						callSnippet = 'Replace',
					},
				},
			},
		})

		-- ts_ls: TypeScript/JavaScript/JSX/TSX
		vim.lsp.config('ts_ls', {
			cmd = { 'typescript-language-server', '--stdio' },
			filetypes = {
				'javascript',
				'javascriptreact',
				'typescript',
				'typescriptreact',
			},
			init_options = {
				hostInfo = 'neovim',
			},
		})

		-- eslint: linting for JS/TS/React projects
		vim.lsp.config('eslint', {
			settings = {
				workingDirectories = { mode = 'auto' },
			},
		})

		-- Explicitly enable all mason-managed servers.
		-- This is belt-and-suspenders alongside mason-lspconfig's automatic_enable,
		-- ensuring servers start regardless of mason-lspconfig version.
		vim.lsp.enable({ 'lua_ls', 'html', 'cssls', 'bashls', 'ts_ls', 'eslint' })

		-- hyprls: not managed by mason, enable manually
		vim.lsp.config('hyprls', {
			cmd = { 'hyprls' },
			filetypes = { 'hyprlang' },
			root_dir = function(fname)
				return vim.fn.getcwd()
			end,
		})
		vim.lsp.enable('hyprls')
	end,
}